Rhuddlan Classification

The short cross coins of the Welsh mint of Rhuddlan were struck from locally made dies, whereas all the English mints received their dies from London. The classification of the main series is based on progressive changes made to the London dies, which, although reflected to some degree by the Rhuddlan coins, cannot be applied directly to them. The present classification is based on a paper by John Brand, The Short Cross Coins of Rhuddlan (BNJ 34, 1965), in which the coins are divided into five main classes, the second and third of which are further divided into five and three sub-classes respectively. The Rhuddlan classes are denoted by lower case Roman numerals in order to avoid confusion with the upper case numerals often assigned to the main series. Four moneyers operated during the Rhuddlan coinage: Halli, Tomas, Simon(d) and Henricvs.